The ceiling frescoes by Ludovico Buti (1588) show workshops where weapons and gunpowder are made and models of fortresses.

The room is dedicated to the Renaissance painters active in northern Italy between the fifteenth and sixteenth century, outstanding among them Andrea Mantegna and Correggio.

Among Mantegna's most famous works are the tiny Madonna delle Cave, so-called after the rocky landscape that forms the background to the holy group, inspired by Flemish painting, and the three small panels showing the Adoration of the Magi, the Circumcision and the Ascension, commissioned by the Gonzaga of Mantua in the 1460s and only reassembled in the form of a triptych in the nineteenth century.

There are three works by Correggio, illustrating different phases in his production. Attributable to his early period are the small Madonna and Child in Glory and the Rest on the Flight into Egypt, both expressions of the figurative culture which developed in northern Italy in the wake of the inventions of Leonardo and Giorgione; the Madonna in Adoration of the Child, dating to the 1530s, features a solemn composition which appears to be inspired by classical ideals.